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Power System Stability Improvement Using FACTS Devices

Simulation of Uncompensated Transmission Line, TCSC, SSSC and UPFC
1. Aim of the Experiment

To study the improvement of transient stability of a power system using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers.

The student can compare four cases: Uncompensated, TCSC, SSSC and UPFC. A transmission-line fault is applied and cleared after a specified time. The resulting rotor-angle and electrical-power responses are displayed graphically.

Learning objective: Observe how FACTS controllers increase power-transfer capability and improve the transient stability margin of the system.
2. Power System Single-Line Diagram
Two-Machine Equivalent Power System G Generator Bus 1 Transmission reactance X Uncompensated No compensation Xeq = X Bus 2 Load P + jQ Electrical Power Pe F Three-phase fault E′∠δ V∠0°
3. Simulation Parameters

All quantities are represented in per-unit unless otherwise stated. The model is intended for educational demonstration of transient stability concepts.

4. Mathematical Model and Calculations
P e = E X eq V sin ( δ )
d 2 d t δ = ω s 2 H ( P m P e )
Calculation will appear here.
5. Power-Angle Characteristic

The four curves show the theoretical change in maximum power-transfer capability with FACTS compensation.

6. Rotor Angle Response

Rotor angle δ is plotted against time. The red vertical line indicates the fault-clearing instant and the orange line indicates the estimated critical angle.

7. Electrical Power Response

Electrical power Pe is plotted against time. During the fault, the transfer capability decreases; after clearing, the FACTS controller restores a higher transfer capability.

8. Stability Assessment
Maximum Rotor Angle
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Critical Angle
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Stability Margin
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Transient Stability Index Stable

Run the simulation to obtain the stability assessment.

9. Comparison of Four Cases
Case Compensation Xeq (pu) Pmax (pu) Maximum δ Margin Result
10. Observation and Conclusion

The basic power-transfer relationship is approximately proportional to 1/Xeq. Therefore, reducing the effective transmission reactance increases the maximum power that can be transmitted.

TCSC provides series compensation by changing the effective series reactance.

SSSC uses a voltage-source converter to inject a controllable series voltage and provides additional damping.

UPFC combines series and shunt converter action and provides simultaneous control of voltage, impedance and power-flow angle.

Conclusion: For the same disturbance, increasing the degree of controllability provided by the FACTS device generally reduces rotor-angle excursion and increases the transient stability margin in this educational model.

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