FACTS Virtual Laboratory | Power Flow Control

Simulation Controls

FACTS Controller

Sending voltage V₁ 1.00 pu

Receiving voltage V₂ 1.00 pu

Power angle δ 30°

Line reactance X_L 0.40 pu

TCSC Series Compensation

Compensation k_c 30%

TCSC active: series compensation reduces the effective line reactance.

Learning Objectives

- Understand the steady-state power-angle relationship.
- Observe how series compensation changes power transfer.
- Understand the operating principle of TCSC.
- Understand voltage-source injection by SSSC.
- Understand simultaneous series and shunt control by UPFC.
- Compare active and reactive power regulation.

Active Power

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Reactive Power

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Current

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Effective X

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Pmax

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Transmission System and FACTS Controller TCSC

FACTS Operating Principle — Phasor Diagram TCSC

Mathematical Model

P = \frac{V_{1} V_{2}}{X_{eq}} \sin (δ)

X_{eq} = X_{L} (1 - k_{c})

Q = \frac{V_{1}^{2} - V_{1} V_{2} \cos (δ)}{X_{eq}}

P − δ Power Angle Curve

Q − δ Reactive Power Curve

FACTS Controller Comparison

Voltage Profile

Numerical Comparison

Controller	Xeq (pu)	P (pu)	Q (pu)	I (pu)	Operating principle

Virtual Laboratory Procedure

Select TCSC, SSSC or UPFC.
Set V₁, V₂, X_L and transmission power angle δ.
For TCSC, vary the compensation factor k_c.
For SSSC, vary the injected series voltage.
For UPFC, vary V_se, θ_se and V_sh.
Observe the changing phasor relationships.
Observe P, Q, current and effective reactance.
Compare the P−δ characteristics of the three FACTS controllers.

Power Flow Control Using FACTS Controllers